Cruciate disease
Cruciate disease is one of the most common causes of lameness in dogs. It occurs when the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in the knee becomes stretched, torn, or ruptured. This ligament helps stabilise the knee joint, so when it fails, dogs often show pain, limping, or difficulty using the leg.
We diagnose and treat cruciate problems using modern imaging (including digital X-ray and CT scanning) and advanced surgical techniques to help your dog return to a comfortable, active life.
Cruciate injuries rarely heal on their own. Without treatment, the knee becomes unstable, painful, and arthritic — making everyday activities like walking, playing, and climbing stairs difficult.
Our experienced team is well placed to help. We use a combination of detailed clinical exams, X-rays, CT scans and orthopaedic expertise to confirm the diagnosis and guide you through the best treatment options for your dog’s size, age, lifestyle, and severity of disease.
Why cruciate disease matters
More about cruciate disease
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Cruciate disease can develop gradually due to ligament weakening or suddenly due to injury. Common contributing factors include:
Genetics
Obesity
Repetitive strain
Sudden twists or high-impact movements
Age-related degeneration
Many dogs injure the second knee within one to two years, so careful long-term management is important.
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Sudden or intermittent hindlimb lameness
Difficulty rising or jumping
“Sitting sideways” with the leg sticking out
Swelling around the knee
Reduced interest in exercise
Stiffness after rest
If you recognise these signs, an examination is recommended.
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Diagnosis includes:
A thorough orthopaedic examination
X-rays to assess swelling, arthritis, and joint changes
CT scanning for complex or borderline cases
Joint stability tests (performed with gentle sedation when needed)
This helps us confirm the problem and decide on the safest, most effective treatment.
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Surgical treatments
Most medium and large dogs get the greatest benefits from surgical management. We offer advanced procedures including:
TPLO (Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy)
A highly effective technique that changes the biomechanics of the knee to restore stability. Benefits include quicker return to function and excellent long-term outcomes.
Lateral Suture Technique
On occasions this technique is suitable for smaller dogs. A strong nylon suture is placed outside the joint to provide stability while the body forms scar tissue.
Your vet will discuss options based on your dog’s size, activity level, and degree of knee instability.
Non-surgical options
For some dogs — especially small, elderly or medically fragile pets — conservative management may be appropriate. This can include:
Strict rest and controlled exercise
Weight management
Joint supplements
Physiotherapy or hydrotherapy
Anti-inflammatory medication
A 3D-printed brace
We will guide you through the most suitable plan.
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Surgery is just one part of achieving a good outcome. Recovery involves:
Strict rest for the first few weeks
Gradual reintroduction of controlled exercise
Follow-up checks at set intervals
Physiotherapy or hydrotherapy where appropriate
Most dogs make an excellent recovery with the right care and return to their normal activities comfortably.
Frequently asked questions about cruciate disease
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Not always. Small dogs or dogs with partial tears may respond to conservative management, but most medium and large breeds achieve the best long-term results with surgery.
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TPLO changes the mechanics of the knee so it no longer relies on the damaged ligament. It is particularly effective for larger and active dogs.
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Most dogs begin controlled exercise within a few weeks and return to normal activity within 8 to 12 weeks, depending on the procedure.
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Yes. Up to 50% of dogs injure the second knee at some point, especially if the underlying cause is degenerative rather than traumatic.
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Some arthritis is almost always present, but early treatment, weight control, and good rehabilitation significantly reduce long-term discomfort.
If your dog is limping, slowing down, or struggling with their hind leg, we’re here to assess the knee gently and guide you through the most effective treatment options. Early diagnosis makes a real difference to comfort and long-term mobility.