Elbow disease
Elbow disease refers to a group of conditions that affect the elbow joint, causing pain, stiffness, and lameness in the front leg. It is one of the most common orthopaedic problems in young and middle-aged dogs, especially medium and large breeds.
We diagnose and manage elbow disease using clinical examination, X-rays, CT imaging, and modern surgical or medical treatments to help your dog stay comfortable and active.
Why elbow disease matters
The elbow is a complex joint made of three bones that must align perfectly. Even small abnormalities can lead to friction, inflammation, and arthritis over time. Without early diagnosis and treatment, dogs may develop chronic pain and reduced mobility.
With our in-house CT scanner, advanced imaging, and experienced surgical team, we can assess the elbow in detail and create a treatment plan tailored to your dog’s long-term comfort.
More about elbow disease
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Medial Coronoid Disease (MCD)
A fragment or abnormality of the medial coronoid process, which is a bony part of the elbow joint. A leading cause of forelimb lameness in growing dogs.
Humeral Intercondylar Fissure (HIF)
Also known as “spaniel elbow,” HIF is a stress-related fracture line within the humeral condyle – the end part of the upper limb bone. Common in spaniel breeds, it can cause chronic pain, lameness, or sudden complete fracture if untreated. CT scanning is essential for diagnosis and surgical planning.
Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)
A defect in the cartilage surface of the elbow, causing pain and lameness in young, rapidly growing dogs.
Ununited Anconeal Process (UAP)
Occurs when a small part of the elbow fails to fuse properly. More common in large breeds such as German Shepherds.
Arthritis / Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD)
The long-term outcome of many elbow conditions, leading to stiffness and discomfort.
Elbow Dysplasia
A developmental condition involving abnormal joint formation. Often includes MCD, OCD, and UAP, and leads to early arthritis.
Signs your dog may have elbow disease:
Limping or stiffness in a front leg
Difficulty rising or jumping
Reluctance to exercise
Elbow swelling
Pain when the elbow is extended
Pain when the elbow is flexed
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We use a combination of:
Orthopaedic examination
X-rays to assess joint changes
CT scanning – the gold standard for diagnosing MCD, HIF, UAP and subtle joint pathology
Joint fluid analysis where appropriate
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Surgical treatments
Depending on the diagnosis, we may recommend:
Arthroscopy to remove fragments or smooth damaged cartilage
Screw fixation for HIF
Open surgery for UAP or severe abnormalities
Corrective surgery for growth deformities in young dogs
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Suitable for some dogs with mild changes or primarily arthritic pain:
Anti-inflammatories
Joint supplements
Weight control
Physiotherapy and hydrotherapy
Controlled exercise
Intra-articular injections with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or Arthrovisc 40
Pain-modifying treatments such as Librela
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Elbow disease often requires lifelong care, but with appropriate treatment and good management, most dogs remain comfortable and active. We will create a long-term plan that suits your dog’s needs and lifestyle.
Frequently asked questions about elbow disease
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Not always. Some cases respond well to medical management, but CT helps determine the most appropriate approach.
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Many elbow abnormalities, especially MCD and HIF, cannot be seen clearly on X-ray. CT provides the detail needed for accurate diagnosis and planning.
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Most conditions can be managed rather than cured. Early intervention makes a significant difference to long-term comfort.
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Most dogs return to comfortable activity within 6 to 12 weeks, depending on the procedure.
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Arthritis is common, but with good management, many dogs remain mobile and comfortable for years.
If your dog is limping, stiff, or struggling with a front leg, we’re here to help diagnose the problem quickly and guide you through the best treatment options. Early action can make a genuine difference to long-term mobility.